The unpaid economy - encompassing volunteering, domestic household tasks (such as cooking and cleaning), care of adults (the elderly or people with disability, both within and outside of immediate family) and childcare - is one third bigger than the economy formally reported in the national accounts.   The report reveals that the bulk of the value of unpaid work in the economy is unpaid childcare, and  72% of unpaid work is conducted by females. http://www.pwc.com.au/australia-in-transition/publications/understanding-the-unpaid-economy-mar17.pdf